Animal pain

20 Deciphering Animal Pain

Defining and Assessing Animal Pain

The detection and assessment of pain in animals is crucial to improving their welfare in a variety of contexts in which humans are ethically or legally bound to do so. Thus clear standards to judge whether pain is likely to occur in any animal species is vital to inform whether to alleviate pain or to drive the refinement of procedures to reduce invasiveness, thereby minimizing pain. We define ...

Animal models of neuropathic pain.

Animal models are pivotal for understanding the mechanism of neuropathic pain and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. A battery of neuropathic pain models has been developed to simulate the clinical pain conditions with diverse etiology. The present review exhaustively discusses the methodology, behavioral alterations, limitations, and advantages of about 40 different a...

Animal Models of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain

▼ Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It occurs in approximately 10–20 % of patients with diabetes, or roughly 40–50 % patients with diabetic neuropathy. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain is still largely unknown. Several animal models have been used to study the underlying mechanisms for this complication. Some commonly used animal models include stre...

Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury Pain

J Rehabil Med Suppl 41, 2003 DOI 10.1080/16501960310010197 Patients with spinal cord injury often develop chronic pain syndrome, which is difficult to treat. Several animal models of spinal cord injury have been developed in recent years which have significantly advanced our understandings of pathophysiology of this condition. This paper reviews some recent data in the pharmacological treatment...